“Long Time, No See”是怎么來(lái)的？

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Who First Said 'Long Time, No See' And In Which Language?“Long Time, No See”是怎么來(lái)的？

How many times has the average person been greeted with the phrase "long time, no see" after running into an old acquaintance? My guess is plenty. But how and why did such a grammatically awkward phrase become a widely accepted part of American speech?

普通人碰見(jiàn)老熟人的時(shí)候說(shuō)到過(guò)多少次“l(fā)ong time, no see”呢？我猜一定有過(guò)很多次吧！可是從語(yǔ)法上看起來(lái)很別扭的神句“l(fā)ong time no see”怎么就能搖身一變成為人們普遍接受的美語(yǔ)呢？

It turns out there are, at least, two strong possibilities.

這說(shuō)起來(lái)至少有兩種比較大的可能。

The first time "long time, no see" appeared in print was in the 1900 Western "Thirty-One Years on the Plains and in the Mountains, Or, the Last Voice from the Plains An Authentic Record of a Life Time of Hunting, Trapping, Scouting and Indian Fighting in the Far West, by William F. Drannan. That last part of the novel's very long title is relevant here, as it gives a good indication of the kind of story Drannan wanted to tell.

“l(fā)ong time, no see”首次見(jiàn)于出版物是在1900年由韋斯頓出版社出版、威廉·F·卓南所著的《翻山越嶺三十一年》中，此書(shū)又名《在遙遠(yuǎn)的西部狩獵、捕獲、偵查和與印第安人作戰(zhàn)的一生的真實(shí)記錄》。這本小說(shuō)冗長(zhǎng)的標(biāo)題并非多余，因?yàn)樗�提示我們卓南想講述的是個(gè)什么樣的故事。

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Drannan used the phrase to describe an encounter with a Native American he had previously met, "I knew he had recognized me. When we rode up to him he said: 'Good morning. Long time no see you,' and at the same time presented the gun with breech foremost."

根據(jù)《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》，卓南曾使用這個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)描述他與之前遇見(jiàn)過(guò)的一位美洲土著見(jiàn)面時(shí)的情景：“我知道他已經(jīng)認(rèn)出我了。當(dāng)我們策馬上前時(shí)他說(shuō)：‘早！Long time no see you,’同時(shí)先將槍槍口朝后遞了過(guò)來(lái)。”

The phrase would be used in a similar way in Jeff W. Hayes' Tales of the Sierras, another Western published in 1900. Once again, the phrase was attributed to an American Indian, "Ugh, you squaw, she no long time see you: you go home mucha quick."

這個(gè)短語(yǔ)可能被杰夫•W•海斯在《謝拉山脈傳奇》，韋斯頓出版社1900年出版的另一本書(shū)里以類似的方法使用過(guò)。這次這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還是出自美洲印第安人之口：“喔唷，你家娘子，she no long time see you:你歸家去罷趕緊滴。”

While Drannan's book was the first time this exact phrase appears in print, the exact origins of "long time, no see" are the subject of ongoing debate among linguists and historians.

盡管這個(gè)短語(yǔ)首次付梓見(jiàn)于卓南的作品，可“l(fā)ong time, no see”的確切起源卻一直是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)者爭(zhēng)論不休的對(duì)象。

The second widely accepted etymological explanation is that the phrase is a loan translation* from the Mandarin Chinese phrase "hǎojǐu bújiàn", which means exactly "long time, no see."

第二種廣泛為人接受的詞源學(xué)解釋是這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是從中國(guó)的漢語(yǔ)“hǎojǐu bújiàn”中“借譯”而來(lái)的，其意思正是“l(fā)ong time, no see”。

Eric Patridge's "Dictionary of Catch Phrases American and British traces the term to the early 1900s, but says it has Asian origins and was brought back to England by members of the British Navy, who picked it up through the pidgin English used by the Chinese people they encountered.

埃里克·派崔吉的《英美外來(lái)語(yǔ)詞典》中將這個(gè)短語(yǔ)追朔到了20世紀(jì)早期，但指出其始于亞洲，并且是由英國(guó)海軍帶回英格蘭的。他們遇到過(guò)使用洋涇浜英語(yǔ)的中國(guó)人，學(xué)會(huì)了說(shuō)這句話。

There is a separate account that lends weight to this latter theory except that it involves members of the U.S. Navy. An excruciating letter published in Our Navy, the Standard Publication of the U.S. Navy, Volume 13 includes the following:

還有另外一種解釋支持后面這個(gè)理論，不過(guò)牽扯到了美國(guó)海軍。在美國(guó)海軍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社出版的《我們的海軍》第13卷中的一封精心寫就的信札里有這樣的話：

"Then Ah Sam, ancient Chinese tailor, familiarly known as 'Cocky,' after taking one good look at the lieutenant said, 'Ah, Lidah, you belong my velly good flend. Long time no see you handsome face.'"

“接著阿三，這位古老中國(guó)的裁縫被人稱作‘山雞’，他打量了中尉一眼，說(shuō)‘嗯，李大，你是我的好盆友。Long time no see you handsome facee.’”

As the Applied Applied Linguistics blog points out in the debate over whether "long time no see" has Native American or Chinese origins. "The earliest written usages are all native English speakers 'reporting' the speech of non-native speakers, from about 1840-1915. ... The literature of that era is rife with stylized English attributed to non-native speakers — can we trust it?"

“應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)博客”在“l(fā)ong time no see”是源于美洲土著還是出自中國(guó)的爭(zhēng)論中指出：“該句最早運(yùn)用于書(shū)面寫作的時(shí)間大約是在1840年到1915年，內(nèi)容全都是英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人‘轉(zhuǎn)述’非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家者的講話……那個(gè)時(shí)代的文學(xué)作品充斥著出自非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人們之口的程式化英語(yǔ)——它能讓我們信得過(guò)嗎？”

As the 20th century progressed, "long time no see" began to evolve from a phrase in broken English to a standard way to greet an old acquaintance. By 1920, the phrase makes it into Good Housekeeping magazine. The novelist Raymond Chandler used it in more than one of his books. In Farewell, My Lovely, Moose Malloy drolly tells his ex-girlfriend Velma, "Hiya, babe. Long time no see." And in 1949, the poet Ogden Nash published his poem "Long Time No See, Bye Now" in The New Yorker. The poem introduces us to Mr. Latour, "an illiterate boor" who "calls poor people poor instead of underprivileged."

伴隨20世紀(jì)的腳步，“l(fā)ong time no see”開(kāi)始從一句不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)變成向久未謀面的老友問(wèn)候時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句式。1920年，這句神句登上了《好管家》雜志。小說(shuō)家雷蒙·錢德勒在其作品中不止一次用到該句。在《別了，我的至愛(ài)》中，穆斯·馬洛伊詼諧地對(duì)他的前女友維爾瑪說(shuō)：“你好，寶貝兒。Long time no see.” 奧格登•納什1949年在《紐約客》上發(fā)表了詩(shī)歌《Long Time No See, 再見(jiàn)》。這首詩(shī)向我們介紹了拉圖爾這樣一位“目不識(shí)丁的粗人”，他“直呼窮人為窮人，而非‘社會(huì)權(quán)益受剝奪者’。”

Today, the phrase "long time no see" is so widespread as a greeting that there's nothing to indicate the term's origins, be they Native American or Mandarin Chinese.

如今，神句“l(fā)ong time no see”作為問(wèn)候語(yǔ)已經(jīng)廣泛流傳開(kāi)來(lái)，到底是來(lái)自美洲土著、中國(guó)漢語(yǔ)還是阿拉伯語(yǔ)（有人說(shuō)該句來(lái)源于وقتطويلجدالاترى, lam naraka mundhu muddah，阿拉伯語(yǔ)中的“l(fā)ong time, no see”），其起源已無(wú)法從字面上看出來(lái)了。

Given its ubiquitous usage in books, conversations, movies, songs and television programs, the phrase is now widely identified with American culture. So much so that it was included in Ya Gotta Know It!: A Conversational Approach to American Slang for the ESL Classroom. Long time, no see has gone from pidgin English to entrenched, American English slang in little over a century.                        

鑒于其在書(shū)籍、對(duì)話、電影、歌曲和電視節(jié)目里已無(wú)處不在，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在很大程度上已經(jīng)融入了美國(guó)文化。它甚至已被收入ESL課程里的《你必須知道：美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)對(duì)話教程》。在一個(gè)世紀(jì)略多一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間里，“l(fā)ong time no see”已經(jīng)由一句洋涇浜英語(yǔ)變?yōu)楦�深蒂固的美式英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)。                        

• greet[ɡri:t]video
  
  vt. 歡迎，迎接；致敬，致意；映入眼簾
• awkward['ɔ:kwəd]video
  
  adj. 尷尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合適的
• plenty['plenti]video
  
  n. 豐富，大量；充足adj. 足夠的，很多的adv. 足夠
• phrase[freiz]video
  
  n. 成語(yǔ)；習(xí)語(yǔ)；措詞vt. 用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)；用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)vi. 用話表示
• foremost['fɔ:məust]video
  
  adj. 最重要的；最先的adv. 首先；居于首位地
• encounter[in'kauntə]video
  
  vt. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到n. 遭遇，偶然碰見(jiàn)vi. 遭遇；偶然相遇