|
The Challenge Of Being Poor At America's Richest Colleges在美國(guó)名校念書的貧困生面臨哪些挑戰(zhàn) Shelling out $300 for one chemistry textbook. Jetting off to Budapest, Paris and Rome while studying abroad in Madrid. Grabbing a last-minute Amtrak ticket to Manhattan for a job interview during senior year. 一個(gè)化學(xué)課本要300美元。在馬德里學(xué)習(xí)期間坐飛機(jī)前往布達(dá)佩斯、巴黎和羅馬。大四期間，在最后一刻買到美鐵車票趕到曼哈頓參加一個(gè)工作面試。 For many students at America’s elite colleges, these are as much a part of university life as pulling all-nighters and complaining about dining hall food. But for low-income students, these are not only unaffordable luxuries, but part of a topic that can be more taboo than sexual orientation: the size of their wallets. 對(duì)美國(guó)精英學(xué)校的很多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，這類事情和開夜車以及抱怨食堂伙食一樣，構(gòu)成了他們大學(xué)生活的一部分。但對(duì)低收入家庭的學(xué)生而言，這不僅是難以負(fù)擔(dān)的奢侈品，而且是比討論性取向更忌諱的話題的一部分：他們錢包的大小。 Much has been written about getting high-achieving, low-income students through the Ivy-covered gates of America’s top colleges. And indeed, the focus on improving the economic diversity of college admissions is needed; a recent Brookings study found that just 8% of low-income students applied to a “reach” school and just 34% of high-achieving students in this group attended one of the country’s 238 most selective universities. (The study defined low income as being in the bottom fourth, income-wise, of families with a senior in high school. For 2008, the year studied, low-income meant a family income below $41, 472.) 讓成績(jī)優(yōu)異的低收入家庭學(xué)生進(jìn)入美國(guó)頂級(jí)大學(xué)被常春藤覆蓋的大門，這種故事已寫了很多了。事實(shí)上，提高人們對(duì)大學(xué)招生中學(xué)生經(jīng)濟(jì)背景多樣性的關(guān)注程度，這是很有必要的，最近布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)（Brookings）的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，低收入家庭的學(xué)生中只有8%申請(qǐng)了“愿望”大學(xué)，這個(gè)群體中成績(jī)優(yōu)異的學(xué)生里只有34%進(jìn)入了全美238所最優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)。（這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)低收入家庭學(xué)生的定義是：家庭收入排在倒數(shù)第四個(gè)等級(jí)的高中畢業(yè)班學(xué)生，這項(xiàng)研究于2008年開展，當(dāng)年的低收入家庭指收入在41,472美元以下的家庭。） Not surprisingly, while poor kids are underrepresented on elite campuses, the wealthiest kids are overrepresented. At Harvard, 45.6% of undergraduates come from families with incomes above $200, 000 — in other words, incomes in the top 3.8% of all American households. 毫不奇怪，當(dāng)寒門學(xué)子在精英學(xué)校中所占比例過(guò)低時(shí)，富裕家庭的孩子在這類學(xué)校中所占的比例偏高。在哈佛大學(xué)，45.6%的大學(xué)生來(lái)自年收入超過(guò)200,000美元的家庭，換句話說(shuō)，這代表了美國(guó)所有家庭中收入最高的3.8%家庭。 Yet for all the studies and attention paid to how to get more low income students onto America’s top campuses, there’s little discussion (on or off campus) about what life is like for those students after they win admission. 雖然對(duì)如何讓低收入家庭的學(xué)生進(jìn)入美國(guó)頂級(jí)學(xué)府進(jìn)行了這么多研究，關(guān)注程度不可謂不高，但這些學(xué)生進(jìn)入這些大學(xué)后的生活是怎樣的（校內(nèi)和校外），卻鮮有討論。 In a guest column for Duke University’s student newspaper that recently went viral, senior KellyNoel Waldorf addresses how isolating it can feel as a low-income student at an elite university. “Why is it not OK for me to talk about such an important part of my identity on Duke’s campus? Why is the word “poor” associated with words like lazy, unmotivated and uneducated? I am none of those things, ” she writes. “Why has our culture made me so afraid or ashamed or embarrassed that I felt like I couldn’t tell my best friends ‘Hey, I just can’t afford to go out tonight?’” 最近像病毒般迅速傳播的杜克大學(xué)學(xué)生報(bào)紙的客座專欄中，大四學(xué)生凱莉·諾埃爾·沃爾多夫（Kelly Noel Waldorf）談及一所精英大學(xué)的低收入家庭學(xué)生會(huì)感到多么孤立無(wú)援。“為什么在杜克大學(xué)的校園，我不能談?wù)撐疑矸葜羞@么重要的一部分？為什么一提到‘貧窮’這個(gè)詞，人們就與懶惰、消極和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育聯(lián)系在一起？我不屬于其中任何一種。”她寫道。“為什么我們的文化讓我如此害怕，或恥于跟我的朋友們說(shuō)：‘嗨，今晚我沒(méi)錢跟你們一起外出。’” In a recent phone interview, Waldorf clarified that this isn’t just a Duke-specific problem, but an issue that exists across the country and is exacerbated by some of the wealth she and others see at Duke. 在最近進(jìn)行的電話采訪中，沃爾多夫表示，這并不僅僅是杜克大學(xué)的問(wèn)題，而是一個(gè)全美各大學(xué)中都存在的問(wèn)題，她和其他人在杜克大學(xué)看到的一些有錢學(xué)生的做法加劇了這種印象。 “I was in a class once where a professor basically assumed that no one in the class had cleaned a house for money, and that wasn’t true, ” Waldorf says. “It’s sort of like an erasure of that population, ” she says. “我過(guò)去所在的一個(gè)班級(jí)里，有位教授認(rèn)為我們當(dāng)中基本上沒(méi)人為了掙錢去干打掃屋子的工作，但這不是事實(shí)。”沃爾多夫說(shuō)。“這就好像是把這部分人群給抹掉了一樣。” Beth Breger, executive director for Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America (LEDA), a scholarship organization that helps high-achieving, low-income students gain admission to America’s top colleges, says part of the problem stems from the fact that a majority of campuses are set up for your average upper/middle class student, one who comes to school with a certain set of “soft skills” that disadvantaged students still need to learn. 貝絲·布雷格（Beth Breger）是“面向多元化美國(guó)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)事業(yè)（Leadership Enterprise for a Diverse America，LEDA）”的執(zhí)行董事，該組織為成績(jī)優(yōu)異的低收入家庭學(xué)生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，資助他們進(jìn)入美國(guó)頂級(jí)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。她說(shuō)該問(wèn)題部分源于大多數(shù)大學(xué)是為中/上層階層的學(xué)生開設(shè)的，這些學(xué)生在進(jìn)入大學(xué)時(shí)已具備一定的“軟技能”，而這些軟技能是家庭條件不那么好的學(xué)生仍需要學(xué)習(xí)的。 “Setting up a bank account for the first time. How to make an appointment with a professor. How to ask for a recommendation letter. How to navigate support from a TA (teaching assistant), ” are things lower-income students need to learn, Breger says. And these knowledge gaps are just the tip of the iceberg. “第一次開立銀行賬戶。如何跟教授預(yù)約。如何請(qǐng)別人給你寫推薦信。如何向助教尋求支持。”這些都是低收入家庭的學(xué)生需要學(xué)習(xí)的，布雷格如此表示。而知識(shí)上的差距還只是冰山一角。 As anyone who’s ever subsisted on ramen noodles for weeks on end knows, the effects of an empty wallet can pervade virtually every aspect of life. Students I spoke with talked about how, despite full academic scholarships that cover tuition, room and board, difficulties arise with everything from affording on-campus student events (such as musicals or concerts), to missing out on Greek life, to eating alone in at the dining hall on a Friday night when friends are eating out somewhere they can’t afford. 正如曾經(jīng)好幾周靠吃拉面維生的人最后終于知道，空空的錢包所造成的影響會(huì)遍及生活的每個(gè)方面。與我聊到這個(gè)話題的幾位學(xué)生說(shuō)，雖然獲得了能夠支付學(xué)費(fèi)和食宿費(fèi)的全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，但還是不斷遇到各種困難，從負(fù)擔(dān)校內(nèi)學(xué)生活動(dòng)的開銷（例如音樂(lè)喜劇和音樂(lè)會(huì)）、缺席“希臘生活”（美國(guó)大學(xué)特有的一種社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，通常是由同性組成的各種聯(lián)誼會(huì)，如兄弟會(huì)、姐妹會(huì)——譯注），一直到周五晚上獨(dú)自在食堂吃飯，而朋友們外出去價(jià)格讓他們難以承受的餐廳就餐等等。 Even something as simple as a trip to the laundry room can serve as a reminder of the income disparities. Christian Ramirez, a LEDA scholar who grew up in Queens and is currently a junior at Harvard, remembers a time during his freshman year when his mother came to visit and decided to help him with his laundry. They both noticed piles of clothing on top of the washing machines in his dorm’s laundry room and Ramirez realized that he had seen those exact same piles a week or two before. The realization—that someone would simply forget to pick up his clothes –took both Ramirez and his mother aback. “When I do laundry, I literally make sure I have every single sock and no piece of clothing is left behind, ” he says. “I personally cannot afford to replace them, ’’ he says. 甚至連去趟洗衣房這么簡(jiǎn)單的事都能提醒他們收入上存在的懸殊差距。克里斯汀·拉米雷斯（Christian Ramirez）是一位LEDA獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者，他在皇后區(qū)長(zhǎng)大，現(xiàn)在是哈佛大學(xué)的三年級(jí)學(xué)生，他還記得在大一期間，他媽媽來(lái)看他時(shí)想幫他洗衣服。他們兩人都注意到在他們宿舍樓洗衣房的幾臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)上，摞著大堆衣物，拉米雷斯意識(shí)到他一或兩周前看到的是同一堆衣物。這種意識(shí)——有人根本忘記要收走衣物——讓拉米雷斯和他的母親都吃了一驚。“我去洗衣服的時(shí)候，我會(huì)確保每樣?xùn)|西都收走，沒(méi)有一件衣物落下。”他說(shuō)。“我個(gè)人沒(méi)法負(fù)擔(dān)弄丟了再買的開銷。”他說(shuō)。 Clothes can be one of the most conspicuous indicators of wealth, and more than one low income student noted the designer threads peers wear serve as persistent reminders of the wealth gap. Yasmine Arrington is a Jack Kent Cooke scholar – the recipient of a prestigious scholarship from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation, so named for the former Redskins owner who left his fortune to high-need, high-achieving students — who now attends Elon University, a southern school where guys favor khakis and many girls wear the preppy Lilly Pulitzer brand. Arrington remembers her reaction when she discovered what an average Lilly Pulitzer piece might cost. 衣物是家庭富裕程度最顯而易見的指標(biāo)之一，而且不止一個(gè)低收入家庭的學(xué)生提到，從頭到腳一身名牌的同學(xué)無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在提醒他們財(cái)富上面的差距。杰克·肯特·庫(kù)克基金會(huì)（Jack Kent Cooke Foundation）的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金享有極高聲望。基金會(huì)的名字以華盛頓紅人隊(duì)前老板的名字命名，他將自己的財(cái)富留給了成績(jī)優(yōu)異而又極需資助的學(xué)生。雅斯明·阿靈頓（Yasmine Arrington）是該獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的獲得者，目前就讀于依隆大學(xué)，在這所南方大學(xué)中，男生偏愛卡其布服裝，而很多女生則身著Lilly Pulitzer的學(xué)院風(fēng)服飾。阿靈頓還記得當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)平均一件Lilly Pulitzer衣服的價(jià)格時(shí)她的反應(yīng)是什么。 “I was like, ‘oh my goodness a dress for $200?’” Arrington, an Elon junior, says. However, she says it doesn’t get to her because she focuses on developing her own style for her own prices, which most importantly, makes her happy. “I don’t feel deprived because it makes me more unique. My style is my style and no one else is going to walk in with my suede boots or jeans.” “我的反應(yīng)是‘哦我的天哪，一件衣服要200美元？’”依隆大學(xué)三年級(jí)學(xué)生阿靈頓說(shuō)。然而，她說(shuō)這并不會(huì)讓她煩心，因?yàn)樗龑Ｗ⒂谝宰约耗艹惺艿膬r(jià)格，發(fā)展出自己的穿衣風(fēng)格，更重要的是，這讓她很開心。“我沒(méi)覺得失落，因?yàn)檫@讓我更加獨(dú)特。我的風(fēng)格就是我的風(fēng)格，不會(huì)有人穿著跟我一樣的小山羊皮靴或牛仔褲走進(jìn)教室。” Nightlife offers its own set of dilemmas. Those whose wealthier friends don’t mind footing the bill for a night out — in the name of friend-group unity, perhaps — find accepting such financial help can introduce a certain level of guilt. 夜生活上演了它自己的兩難處境。那些較富裕的學(xué)生并不介意為一個(gè)晚上的外出消遣買單——可能打著為大家統(tǒng)一結(jié)賬的名義——但接受這種“資助”的學(xué)生可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定程度的內(nèi)疚感。 “If we go out, and friends are like, ‘oh no, I’m getting this, I’ll pay for this, ’ and then it’s like bah!” says Edith Carolina Benavides, a Jack Kent Cooke scholar who is a senior at Harvard. “I literally owe so much money to my friends, beyond owing them so much for their support and being there for me.” “如果我們外出，而朋友們說(shuō)：‘哦不，我來(lái)結(jié)，我來(lái)買單，’這種感覺很糟。”杰克·肯特·庫(kù)克獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者伊迪絲·卡羅琳娜·貝納維德斯（Edith Carolina Benavides）說(shuō)，她是哈佛大學(xué)的四年級(jí)學(xué)生。“我欠我的朋友們這么多錢，此外他們給予了我這么多的支持和幫助，我欠他們的太多了。” Maureen Mahoney, the dean of the college at Smith College, and Barbara Cervone, president of the education non-profit What Kids Can Do both noted that medical problems — particularly lagging dental care or undiagnosed learning disabilities — can cause significant snags for poor students who might already be reeling from the academic culture shock. Cervone remembers one high achieving student from the Dominican Republic who, in her freshman year at Wellesley, found she had several rotting teeth, which couldn’t be fixed because the university’s health policy wouldn’t cover it. After a petition to the college president, the policy changed and the student was able to get the care she needed and continue with her studies. But the situation highlights how proactive students have to be to procure the funds and care they might need. 史密斯學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)莫林·馬奧尼（Maureen Mahoney）和非營(yíng)利教育機(jī)構(gòu)What Kids Can Do總裁芭芭拉·切爾沃內(nèi)（Barbara Cervone）都注意到了醫(yī)療的問(wèn)題——尤其是拖著不治的牙病或未經(jīng)確診的學(xué)習(xí)障礙——可能會(huì)對(duì)已經(jīng)受到學(xué)院文化沖擊而煩惱不已的貧困學(xué)生造成更大困擾。切爾沃內(nèi)還記得一位來(lái)自多米尼加共和國(guó)的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，在上韋爾斯利學(xué)院的第一年，她就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有幾顆蛀牙，而這些蛀牙無(wú)法修補(bǔ)，因?yàn)檫@所大學(xué)的醫(yī)保政策并不包括這一項(xiàng)。在向?qū)W院院長(zhǎng)遞交了一份請(qǐng)?jiān)笗螅瑢W(xué)校修改了醫(yī)保政策，這名學(xué)生得以接受其需要的牙科治療并繼續(xù)其學(xué)業(yè)。但這種情況表明，學(xué)生需要多主動(dòng)才能獲得其需要的資金支持和醫(yī)療服務(wù)。 This proactiveness doesn’t always come naturally, Mahoney notes, as many high-achieving students (low income or otherwise) have trouble asking for help when they need it. Assuming, of course, a low income student knows exactly what resources they need. Renata Martin, a Jack Kent Cooke scholar at Brown says that she never saw herself as “disadvantaged” while growing up, but coming to a school like Brown brought to light all the resources and opportunities she had missed out on, and missing out on even the simplest things – like academic support resources or individualized academic attention – can make it hard to look for them in a higher-ed scenario. 但馬奧尼指出，這種主動(dòng)性并不總是自發(fā)的，因?yàn)楹芏鄡?yōu)秀學(xué)生（低收入家庭或其它情況）在他們需要幫助的時(shí)候很難開口。當(dāng)然，假設(shè)一名低收入家庭的學(xué)生確切知道他們需要哪些資源的話。布朗大學(xué)的杰克·肯特·庫(kù)克獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者勒娜特·馬丁（Renata Martin）說(shuō)，她在成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中從來(lái)不覺得自己是“窮人”，但上了布朗大學(xué)這樣的學(xué)校后，她看到了自己缺失的那些資源和機(jī)遇，她甚至看到了自己缺失的那些最簡(jiǎn)單的東西——比如學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)資源或?qū)€(gè)人的教學(xué)指導(dǎo)——這在高等教育中是很難得到的。 “I think the hardest part is not even financial – it’s trying to know about most of the things that your peers know about, ” she says. “It can be isolating, going to a public high school with all these differences you don’t think about until you go to an elite school where you stand out in many different ways.” “我認(rèn)為最艱難的地方甚至都不是經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，而是努力了解你的同學(xué)了解的大部分事物。”她說(shuō)。“這會(huì)讓你覺得很孤立，在上公立學(xué)校的時(shí)候你完全意識(shí)不到這些差異，直到你上了一所精英大學(xué)，在那里你在很多方面都顯得很突出。” Some colleges, like Smith, and scholarship foundations, like LEDA, try to spread awareness of the academic and financial support resources available to low-income students. At Smith, this support includes a (limited) extra fund available to students in emergency situations, so if a family emergency arises and a last-minute flight across the country becomes necessary, a low-income student can make the trip. Not all campuses or scholarship organizations offer this feature, so it’s important to check with the office of student life and/or the financial aid office to get a full list of student benefits and resources. 有些大學(xué)，比如史密斯學(xué)院，以及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金基金會(huì)，比如LEDA，努力讓貧困家庭的學(xué)生知道他們可以獲得哪些學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)和資助資源。在史密斯學(xué)院，這種支持包括對(duì)遭遇緊急情況的學(xué)生提供（有限的）額外資助，因此，如果家里有急事，需要學(xué)生搭最后一刻的國(guó)內(nèi)航班趕回去處理的話，低收入家庭的學(xué)生能夠成行。并不是所有大學(xué)或獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金組織都提供這種資助，因此詢問(wèn)學(xué)生處或助學(xué)金管理處，以全面了解學(xué)生可以獲得的支持和資源是非常重要的。 While many of the students interviewed say that life as a low income student at an elite campus got progressively easier as they got older and carved out their own niches, Duke’s Waldorf notes that her low-income status adds additional pressure to one of the more trying parts of senior year: hunting for a job or applying to graduate school. 雖然很多接受采訪的學(xué)生表示，低收入家庭的學(xué)生在名校的生活隨著其年齡增長(zhǎng)和開辟出自己的小天地而逐漸變得較為輕松，但杜克大學(xué)的沃爾多夫指出，作為低收入家庭的學(xué)生，大四這一年，一件更加令人頭疼的事為她帶來(lái)了額外壓力：找工作還是申請(qǐng)進(jìn)入研究生院。 “I don’t have money to pay for transportation for interviews. What if my phone gets shut off right before an interview?” she says. “A lot of the Duke population is not thinking about, ‘is it difficult for my neighbor to job search because they don’t have nice interview clothes?’” “我沒(méi)錢支付參加面試的交通費(fèi)，如果我的電話在面試前恰好開不了機(jī)了怎么辦？”她說(shuō)。“杜克大學(xué)很多人都不會(huì)想：‘我隔壁同學(xué)找工作會(huì)不會(huì)很難，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有參加面試的合適服裝？’” To be sure, the solutions to these issues vary on a campus-by-campus basis. Some student career service centers — like Barnard’s — have a suit-borrowing program from which students without business-professional clothing can borrow a donated dress suit with their student ID, at no cost. Other campuses, such as UNC, have a stipend students can apply for that can help pay for interview clothes. Likewise, some colleges and graduate programs (William and Mary’s Mason School of Business is one) have stipends available for job-hunting transportation costs. 實(shí)話說(shuō)，各學(xué)校對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的解決辦法各不相同。有些學(xué)生就業(yè)服務(wù)中心——比如巴納德學(xué)院——提供套裝出借服務(wù)，沒(méi)有職業(yè)套裝的學(xué)生可以用自己的學(xué)生證免費(fèi)借用捐贈(zèng)的套裝。其它學(xué)校，例如北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)，向?qū)W生提供了一項(xiàng)補(bǔ)助金，學(xué)生可以申請(qǐng)這筆資金以幫助他們購(gòu)買面試時(shí)穿的衣服。同樣，有些大學(xué)和研究生院（威廉與瑪麗學(xué)院梅森商學(xué)院就是一家）還為找工作的學(xué)生提供交通補(bǔ)助費(fèi)。 LEDA’s Breger says that graduate school application costs – including prep courses, prep books, test fees and school application fees – are so high that is not uncommon for a low income student to decide the costs are prohibitive. Instead, they may graduate and work for a few years to save money and then apply to graduate school. The good news is that there are fee-waivers available for low-income test takers of the GRE, GMAT, LSAT and MCAT; the bad news is that because different testing boards run each exam, the eligibility requirements and application process for the fee waivers vary from test to test, so it’s important to read the fine print before you count on receiving discounted exam fees. LEDA的布雷格表示，研究生院的申請(qǐng)費(fèi)——包括備考教材、考試費(fèi)和學(xué)校申請(qǐng)費(fèi)——是如此之高，低收入家庭的學(xué)生普遍認(rèn)為費(fèi)用高得令人望而卻步。因此，他們可能會(huì)選擇大學(xué)畢業(yè)后工作幾年，存夠了錢再申請(qǐng)研究生院。好消息是GRE、GMAT、LSAT和MCAT考試對(duì)低收入家庭考生減免費(fèi)用，壞消息是因?yàn)楦骺荚囀怯刹煌目荚囄瘑T會(huì)管理的，減免費(fèi)用的資格要求和申請(qǐng)流程并不相同，因此在指望能獲得考試費(fèi)減免優(yōu)待之前，務(wù)必要閱讀印刷精美的說(shuō)明材料。 It should be noted that job-related resources aren’t just for low-income seniors; there are a number of stipends and scholarships available for low-income students who wish to pursue unpaid internships and research opportunities earlier in their undergraduate careers — opportunities that are frequently limited to their higher-net-worth counterparts. College Greenlight is one such resource for these scholarships: a division of scholarship search engine Cappex, it dedicates its algorithms to finding resources especially targeted to low-income or first-generation college students (often one and the same). Among the scholarships currently available on College Greenlight is a $10, 000 award for a student interested in broadcast journalism or digital media; a $25, 000 award with a potential spot in Merck’s summer program, specifically for an African American college junior; and four consecutive paid summers at Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California. 需要指出的是，與找工作相關(guān)的資源并不只是面向低收入家庭的大四畢業(yè)生的。此外還有很多補(bǔ)助金和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是提供給想要在大學(xué)期間盡早開始無(wú)薪實(shí)習(xí)和研究工作的低收入家庭學(xué)生的——這些工作機(jī)會(huì)常常只有他們那些家庭背景較優(yōu)越的同學(xué)才能得到。College Greenlight就是提供此類獎(jiǎng)金學(xué)信息的組織之一，它是獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金搜索引擎Cappex的一個(gè)部門，它開發(fā)的算法搜索特別為低收入或第一代大學(xué)生（通常都是一回事）提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金資源。目前，在College Greenlight上可以搜索到的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金信息包括：對(duì)有興趣從事廣播新聞或數(shù)字媒體行業(yè)的學(xué)生提供的10,000美元獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；專門為非裔美籍大三學(xué)生提供的25,000美元獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，有可能會(huì)在默克藥廠（Merck）的暑期實(shí)習(xí)計(jì)劃中獲得一個(gè)職位；以及在加州伯班克市華納兄弟電影公司（Warner Brothers Studios）連續(xù)四年的帶薪暑期實(shí)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。 Jonathan April, College Greenlight’s general manager, says that many colleges offer their own internship stipend programs, so it’s important to supplement a Cappex/College Greenlight search with visits to the financial aid office and the career services office. (The dual visit might be a pain, but it’s better to leave no stone unturned with these things.) College Greenlight的總經(jīng)理喬納森·埃普利爾（Jonathan April）表示，很多大學(xué)都設(shè)立了自己的實(shí)習(xí)補(bǔ)助金計(jì)劃，因此除了使用Cappex/College Greenlight搜索引擎之外，還要向助學(xué)金辦公室和就業(yè)服務(wù)辦公室了解情況，這非常重要。（造訪這兩個(gè)辦公室可能會(huì)是痛苦的經(jīng)歷，但對(duì)這些事情最好全面了解清楚。） Ultimately, it’s spreading awareness of resources like these — and not being afraid to have discussions about economic disparities on campus — that will help low-income students feel more at ease at elite universities, students and adult experts say. 學(xué)生和專家表示，讓更多人知道此類資源的存在——并且讓大家認(rèn)識(shí)到不要害怕在校園里談?wù)摻?jīng)濟(jì)狀況上的差異——這將最終有助于名校里低收入家庭的學(xué)生放下包袱，活得更加輕松自在。 Low income students “need to be assured that they’re as entitled to all the resources of a Smith education as any other student here. It’s often not so much about direct intervention so much as exposing them to all the incredible opportunities we have here, and to make sure they know these opportunities are for them, ” Smith’s Mahoney says. 低收入家庭的學(xué)生“需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，他們和這里的任何其他學(xué)生一樣，有權(quán)獲得史密斯學(xué)院擁有的所有資源。這往往不在于直接的干預(yù)，而在于向他們敞開我們學(xué)院提供的所有這些美好的機(jī)遇，并確保他們知道，這些機(jī)遇是屬于他們的。”史密斯學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)馬奧尼說(shuō)。 Breger echoes these sentiments. “You’re getting an education valued at a quarter-million dollars and you should milk every dollar you can, ” she says. “Get the most bang for your buck whether it’s your buck or not. These resources are part of what make these campuses so phenomenal. It’s not a sign of weakness to ask for help; if anything it’s a sign of strength.” 布雷格對(duì)這些觀點(diǎn)表示贊同。“你接受的是花費(fèi)高達(dá)25萬(wàn)美元的教育，你要擠出你能擠出的每一塊錢。不管是不是你的錢，你要花最少的錢辦最多的事。這些大學(xué)如此杰出，部分在于它們提供的這些資源。尋求幫助并不是軟弱無(wú)能的表現(xiàn)，而是強(qiáng)大的表現(xiàn)。” If hearing advice from adults doesn’t help, take it from someone who’s still navigating this often tricky terrain. Harvard’s Christian Ramirez remembers feeling alone as a low-income student at an Ivy League institution at first, but slowly realizing there were many other students like him and it was okay to ask one of them, or an administrator, for help. 如果成年人的建議沒(méi)有什么幫助，那就請(qǐng)教仍在摸索這一常常讓人頭疼的領(lǐng)域的某人吧。哈佛大學(xué)的克里斯汀·拉米雷斯還記得作為一個(gè)低收入家庭學(xué)生，剛開始進(jìn)入一所常春藤盟校學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)所感受到的那種孤獨(dú)感，但慢慢地，他意識(shí)到還有很多像他一樣的學(xué)生，而且向一位同學(xué)或?qū)W校的行政人員尋求幫助沒(méi)什么丟臉的。 “[The school’s] resources are there to help you, and don’t be afraid to seek them out, ” he says, ultimately concluding that success is possible if students channel one key characteristic. “It’s about being tenacious. I think tenacity in these situations can go a long way.” “[學(xué)校的]資源就在那兒呢，都是為了幫助你的，不要害怕尋求幫助。”他說(shuō)。最后他總結(jié)道，如果學(xué)生們培養(yǎng)出一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的性格特征，他們是很有可能取得成功的。“這就是要頑強(qiáng)。我認(rèn)為在這些情況下，頑強(qiáng)能讓一個(gè)人走得很遠(yuǎn)。” |
|
journalism['dʒə:nəlizəm]video n. 新聞業(yè)，新聞工作；報(bào)章雜志 awareness[ə'wɛənis]video n. 意識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)；明白，知道 recipient[ri'sipiənt]video n. 容器，接受者；容納者adj. 容易接受的，感受性強(qiáng)的 sentiment['sentimənt]video n. 感情，情緒；情操；觀點(diǎn)；多愁善感 clarify['klærifai]video vt. 澄清；闡明vi. 得到澄清；變得明晰；得到凈化 tuition[tju:'iʃən]video n. 學(xué)費(fèi)；講授 guilt[ɡilt]video n. 犯罪，過(guò)失；內(nèi)疚 isolate['aisəleit, -lit]video vt. 使隔離；使孤立；使絕緣n. [生物] 隔離種群vi. 隔離；孤立adj. 隔離的；孤立的 elite[ei'li:t, i'li:t]video n. 精英；精華；中堅(jiān)分子 scenario[si'nɑ:riəu, -'næ-, -'nεə-]video n. 方案；情節(jié)；劇本 |
人質(zhì)談判專家給CEO們的管理啟示
|
2013最新美國(guó)十大MBA院校排名
|
|
|
|
|
| 看到上海這幾天霧霾，頓時(shí)感覺那邊的環(huán)境很好啊。能活在清新的空氣中真好。比汪峰總是埋在春天里好多了。 |
