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網(wǎng)絡(luò)考試防作弊里的商機(jī)

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2013-11-26 12:12 發(fā)布者：1770309616

網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程和網(wǎng)絡(luò)考試越來(lái)越多，靠人力來(lái)防范舞弊行為也越來(lái)越困難，甚至變得不可能。多虧智能感應(yīng)軟件出手，網(wǎng)上測(cè)試作弊的人才無(wú)處遁形,而嗅覺(jué)靈敏的公司也從中嗅到了金錢的味道。

美國(guó)的教育界已經(jīng)迎來(lái)大規(guī)模開(kāi)放網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程（MOOC）風(fēng)起云涌的時(shí)代，網(wǎng)上考試作弊現(xiàn)象也由此前所未有地猖獗起來(lái)。在電腦操控的世界，想呼喚萬(wàn)能的谷歌（Google）搜索引擎，也不過(guò)就是輕輕幾下敲擊的距離。那么，網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂的督導(dǎo)者們要怎樣管理遍布各地的學(xué)員大軍？要是管理眾多學(xué)員的有效方法還無(wú)法確定，就更別提怎樣撲滅作弊者在整個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界燃起的熊熊大火了。

當(dāng)然，上述問(wèn)題用科技手段就能解決。利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭和檢測(cè)抄襲的軟件提供學(xué)監(jiān)服務(wù)也不是新生事物，這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)已有多年的根底。一家總部位于印度的業(yè)內(nèi)初創(chuàng)公司Mettl已經(jīng)殺入美國(guó)，入駐硅谷。雖說(shuō)在搜捕作弊者方面只是“新人”，但Mettl擁有以計(jì)算機(jī)程式為依托的自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，還自豪地聲稱，它捕獲作弊者方式比傳統(tǒng)做法更老到，甚至堪稱萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。當(dāng)然，有一條基本原則我們不該忘記：如果你想在參加網(wǎng)上考試時(shí)玩什么鬼把戲，你應(yīng)試的電腦就會(huì)出賣你。

作為一家從事網(wǎng)上評(píng)估測(cè)試的公司，Mettl將多種技術(shù)融入了自家的測(cè)試平臺(tái)，至少在一場(chǎng)考試所需的時(shí)間內(nèi)便能創(chuàng)造一種小型監(jiān)控環(huán)境。

具體來(lái)說(shuō)，監(jiān)控環(huán)境是這樣形成的：一名應(yīng)試者先要在Mettl網(wǎng)站注冊(cè)，然后就能在網(wǎng)站的考題庫(kù)里挑選預(yù)先上傳到網(wǎng)站的測(cè)試題。面部擊鍵識(shí)別技術(shù)可以確認(rèn)注冊(cè)的應(yīng)試者是否就是他們自稱的那個(gè)人。不論是在應(yīng)試者注冊(cè)時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭拍下的應(yīng)試者信息，還是整個(gè)考試期間透過(guò)電腦顯示屏留下的應(yīng)試者信息，系統(tǒng)都會(huì)悉數(shù)記錄。

Mettl的技術(shù)可以利用應(yīng)試者的攝像頭監(jiān)測(cè)到其中有多少人在使用電腦，很快就會(huì)追蹤應(yīng)試者的眼球移動(dòng)。憑借這種有效的追蹤，這家公司的技術(shù)可以感知應(yīng)試者是否在注視屏幕以外的地方。如當(dāng)真應(yīng)試者視線持續(xù)停留在顯示屏外，那可能意味著應(yīng)試者在偷偷地用智能手機(jī)上網(wǎng)查詢，或者是在向朋友咨詢。Mettl還會(huì)監(jiān)視應(yīng)試者的顯示屏，如果應(yīng)試者切換了頁(yè)面或者改變了瀏覽器，或是退出測(cè)試，Mettl也都能監(jiān)測(cè)到。系統(tǒng)會(huì)迅速記錄應(yīng)試者一方傳來(lái)的說(shuō)話聲音，這樣就能監(jiān)測(cè)到應(yīng)試者是在與別人交談，還是有人在給應(yīng)試者支招。

一旦監(jiān)測(cè)到任何不正常的現(xiàn)象，系統(tǒng)會(huì)標(biāo)示出現(xiàn)異常事件，并向主考官匯報(bào)。結(jié)果可大可小，全視測(cè)試方的要求而定：可能一有發(fā)現(xiàn)異常便終止所有人考試作答，可能只是對(duì)出現(xiàn)應(yīng)試者異常表現(xiàn)的顯示屏發(fā)出警告，甚至通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭人為干預(yù)。所有這些對(duì)策都由Mettl的控制中心指揮。

Mettl聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官克坦•卡普爾指出，即使僅僅是作弊被抓的威脅也產(chǎn)生了很大的震懾作用。2010年，卡普爾與曾任全球管理咨詢公司波士頓咨詢公司（BCG）顧問(wèn)的老朋友塔莫伊•辛格哈爾成立了這家公司。當(dāng)時(shí)兩人都認(rèn)識(shí)到，印度受教育的年輕國(guó)民人數(shù)激增，接受網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育的國(guó)民也在增加，這正是一個(gè)商機(jī)。

在眾多領(lǐng)域之中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)技術(shù)可能給予最大助力的是哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域？答案就是考試。在印度，與就業(yè)招聘和職業(yè)認(rèn)證有關(guān)的國(guó)家考試不計(jì)其數(shù)�？ㄆ諣柡托粮窆龻栆惨庾R(shí)到，管理大量考試現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)繁重的任務(wù)，而隨著應(yīng)試者人數(shù)增加，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)只會(huì)變得越來(lái)越沉重。

如今，全球200家企業(yè)和大學(xué)都在使用這家新生代公司的平臺(tái)、監(jiān)督及服務(wù)，他們大多來(lái)自印度。知名咨詢公司埃森哲（Accenture）、軟件公司Cognizant和國(guó)際四大會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所之一的畢馬威（PricewaterhouseCoopers）都是Mettl的客戶。

Mettl希望，此次美國(guó)的處女秀將有助于公司闖入這個(gè)國(guó)家龐大的招聘與MOOC市場(chǎng)。Mettl公司現(xiàn)有員工50名，已募得資金450萬(wàn)美元，迄今為止發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好。它成立至今已經(jīng)監(jiān)督測(cè)評(píng)逾百萬(wàn)次，預(yù)計(jì)今年?duì)I業(yè)收入將達(dá)到“幾百萬(wàn)”美元。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：若離

Now that American education has entered the era of the MOOC -- the Massive Open Online Course -- the opportunity for cheating appears greater than ever. The omniscient Google search engine is never more than a few keystrokes away for the computer-bound. So how can a proctor possibly manage the far-flung multitudes, let alone smoke out cheaters taking tests across the Internet?

Using technology, of course. While proctoring services via webcam and plagiarism-detecting software have been around for several years now, an India-based startup has come to America -- Silicon Valley, obviously -- with automated, algorithm-based techniques for netting cheaters that the company claims are even more sophisticated and foolproof. Essentially, if you try to pull a fast one, your computer will rat you out.

The online assessment company Mettl has incorporated a handful of technologies into its test-taking platform, creating, for the duration of an exam at least, a mini-surveillance state.

Here's how it works: A test-taker signs on to Mettl and selects his/her exam from the site's library of pre-loaded tests. Facial and keystroke recognition technology verify the person that has signed in is the person they say they are, and the system records both the test-taker (through the webcam) and the test-taker's screen throughout the test.

Mettl's technology uses the test-taker's webcam to detect how many people are using the computer. Soon, it will track eye movement well enough to sense whether the test-taker is looking away from the screen, perhaps to consult a smartphone or a friend on the sly. Mettl also monitors the test-taker's screen and can detect when the test-taker has changed tabs or browsers or moved from the test. The system will soon be able to record sound, and thus detect whether the test-taker is talking or being talked to.

If any irregularities are detected, the system flags the incident and reports it back to the test's administrator. This can trigger any number of things, depending on the test-giver's wishes: a complete shutdown of the exam, a warning message that appears on the test-taker's screen, even human intervention -- via webcam -- from Mettl's control center.

Ketan Kapoor, co-founder and CEO of Mettl, notes that the mere threat of being caught serves as a great deterrent to cheating. Kapoor founded the company in 2010 with an old friend and former BCG consultant, Tonmoy Shingal, when the pair realized the opportunity presented by India's exploding population of educated youth and the growth of online education.

Among the many areas where they found that technology could offer improvement? Assessment. In India, there are huge national tests given for job recruitment and professional certification purposes. Kapoor and Shingal saw that the considerable task of managing these mass assessments would only become bigger as the number of participants increased.

The young company's platform and proctoring and assessment services are now used by 200 corporations and universities around the globe; most are in India, such as Accenture (ACN), Cognizant (CTSH), and PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Mettl, which has 50 employees and has raised $4.5 million in funding, is hoping its new U.S. presence will help it break into the country's sizeable recruiting and MOOC markets. It is well on its way: The company has proctored more than 1 million assessments since its launch, and projects "a few million" in revenue this year.

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1770309616 發(fā)表于 2013-11-26 12:15:37

Apple Rumor Mill Again Heats Up With Reports Of Big-Screen iPhones傳蘋(píng)果正開(kāi)發(fā)兩款大屏iPhon

Apple is working on developing a larger-screen iPhone. This time the source is Bloomberg, and the report is that not one, but two such phones are likely in development. Both are slated for release as soon with next year’s iPhone refresh, perhaps in September 2014. The models are believed to contain 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch screens, which would push Apple into the phablet category for the first time. It’s possible the screens will also incorporate some curvature to the glass, though it’s more likely that would involve the screens partly wrapping around the phone as opposed to anything more radical like the new curved models from Samsung and LG.

每隔幾個(gè)月，就會(huì)有報(bào)道說(shuō)，蘋(píng)果正在開(kāi)發(fā)一款屏幕尺寸更大的iPhone。這一次，消息來(lái)源是彭博社，消息內(nèi)容是蘋(píng)果并不只是在開(kāi)發(fā)一款，而是兩款大屏手機(jī)。這兩款手機(jī)都將于明年iPhone新品發(fā)布——可能是2014年9月——之時(shí)推出。據(jù)說(shuō)一款是4.7英寸屏，另一款是5.5英寸屏，這兩款手機(jī)將首次帶領(lǐng)蘋(píng)果進(jìn)入平板手機(jī)領(lǐng)域。另外，這兩款手機(jī)的玻璃屏幕將可能包含某種能夠彎曲的特性——盡管比較可能的是屏幕部分延伸并包裹手機(jī)側(cè)邊，而不是諸如三星或LG那種更為激進(jìn)的整機(jī)彎折款式。

If the rumors at last prove true, it will fit with Apple’s continued catering to the high-end customer. While the company doesn’t provide a sales breakdown, there are numerous reports that the new top-end iPhone 5s is doing even better than expected relative to the slightly less expensive 5c model. What Apple would do to the lineup next year if it brought two larger models to market is unclear. Given its faith in the 4-inch screen, it seems certain at least one of those models would carry over and become the free-on-contract phone in the U.S. and the lowest-price phone in unsubsidized markets. Most likely, that would be the 5c.

如果這一傳言最終成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，那么將符合蘋(píng)果公司始終致力于迎合高端消費(fèi)者的一貫努力。盡管該公司并不提供銷售明細(xì)情況，但有無(wú)數(shù)報(bào)道稱，相較于較為廉價(jià)的5C款式，最新發(fā)布的高端iPhone 5S的銷量要高于預(yù)期。而如果明年蘋(píng)果果真向市場(chǎng)推出兩款大屏手機(jī)的話，其對(duì)自己的產(chǎn)品線將會(huì)做何種改變目前尚且未知。

In addition to the larger screens, Apple is said to be working on new touch sensors that can detect differing amounts of pressure. The Bloomberg

有鑒于該公司對(duì)四英寸屏的信心，現(xiàn)在看來(lái)現(xiàn)有手機(jī)產(chǎn)品線中至少有一款將繼續(xù)存在，并成為美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上的無(wú)合約機(jī)，同時(shí)也是無(wú)補(bǔ)貼市場(chǎng)中的低價(jià)機(jī)——我認(rèn)為最有可能的是5C。

Bloomberg report suggests those won’t be ready for next year and, in fact, it seems likely that Apple wouldn’t combine too many major rollouts at once. The reality is the 5s arguably brought too many changes with it to fit the Apple “it just works” mantra cleanly. Between iOS 7, the new 64-bit A7 processor and the TouchID fingerprint sensor, enough was changed that the 5s likely experiences more app crashes and reboots than any iPhone before it. (I say this with some first-hand experience). While the end result might still be acceptable, Apple is likely to be somewhat more cautious in changing out too many of the internals going forward in a single model year, especially if a major redesign of the screen and the externals finally comes to bear.

除更大的屏幕之外，據(jù)說(shuō)蘋(píng)果還在開(kāi)發(fā)全新的觸摸傳感器，能夠感知到各種不同的壓力。上文提到的彭博社報(bào)道稱，傳感器不會(huì)在明年就開(kāi)發(fā)完畢，事實(shí)上，蘋(píng)果應(yīng)該不會(huì)一次推出太多新元素。5S就被認(rèn)為是一次性引入太多改變，甚至有點(diǎn)兒不符合蘋(píng)果的“能用就好”信條了。5S的iOS 7操作系統(tǒng)、新款64位A7處理器和TouchID指紋傳感器——這太多改變導(dǎo)致5S可能是有史以來(lái)應(yīng)用程序崩潰和機(jī)器重啟次數(shù)最多的一款iPhone（我之所以這樣說(shuō)，是有第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)做基礎(chǔ)的）。盡管最終結(jié)果仍然是可以接受的，但在一年內(nèi)推出太多機(jī)器內(nèi)部升級(jí)時(shí)，蘋(píng)果可能還是會(huì)采取較為謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，特別是在將要推出屏幕和外觀的重大改變時(shí)。

One unknown is whether Apple’s recent supply deal with GT Advanced Technology to make sapphire crystal would impact these designs. Apple currently uses sapphire to protect the fingerprint sensor and camera lens in the iPhone but there is speculation it might cover the entire screen with it going forward. It’s possible that these new designs will make use of the GT-supplied sapphire but not clear in what way.

有一點(diǎn)尚不清楚：蘋(píng)果最近和GT Advanced Technology公司達(dá)成的藍(lán)寶石生產(chǎn)協(xié)議會(huì)否影響到上述設(shè)計(jì)。目前，蘋(píng)果采用藍(lán)寶石來(lái)保護(hù)其iPhone手機(jī)上的指紋傳感器和攝像頭，但有人認(rèn)為，將來(lái)藍(lán)寶石材質(zhì)將覆蓋整個(gè)屏幕。新設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)使用由GT公司供應(yīng)的藍(lán)寶石，但具體如何還不得而知。

Either way, should the larger iPhone finally materialize, it will be nothing but good news for Apple. The company has been ceding market share even at the high end as some number of customers has chosen Android-based phones due to Apple’s one-size-fits-all offering. With iPad, the company has been hugely successful offering two models and is rumored to be considering a third, larger model for 2014. Similarly, it offers notebook computers in multiple sizes. A three iPhone lineup would likely add billions in incremental revenue to Apple’s fiscal 2015. Further a radical redesign of the iconic iPhone would similarly be well received. While the design has been refined with each generation, iPhone 5s is very much a derivative of the 2010 iPhone 4. Apple, as always, had no comment. But this bears following.

無(wú)論如何，如果大屏iPhone最終成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)蘋(píng)果來(lái)說(shuō)不啻為一個(gè)好消息。該公司的市場(chǎng)份額正在節(jié)節(jié)敗退——即便是在高端市場(chǎng)——由于蘋(píng)果手機(jī)始終只有一種尺寸，有一些消費(fèi)者轉(zhuǎn)而選擇了安卓手機(jī)。iPad方面，蘋(píng)果已經(jīng)在兩款機(jī)型上取得了巨大成功，有傳言說(shuō)其正考慮在2014年推出第三款更大尺寸的款式。同樣的，蘋(píng)果的筆記本電腦也有各種規(guī)格尺寸可供選擇。第三個(gè)iPhone產(chǎn)品線可能會(huì)為蘋(píng)果2015財(cái)年增加客觀的營(yíng)收。此外，對(duì)標(biāo)志性的iPhone進(jìn)行更為激進(jìn)的重新設(shè)計(jì)也將可能受到廣泛歡迎。盡管每一代iPhone的設(shè)計(jì)都有所變化，但iPhone 5S更像是2010年iPhone 4的衍生品。和往常一樣，蘋(píng)果并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行置評(píng)。我們會(huì)進(jìn)行跟蹤報(bào)道。