硅谷的軟件工程師年薪動則數(shù)十萬美元，依然供不應(yīng)求。因此，硅谷涌現(xiàn)了一大批短期培訓(xùn)班。這些速成班將頂尖計算機科學(xué)學(xué)院四年的課程壓縮到12周（甚至更短），招生對象不需要有編程經(jīng)驗，學(xué)員既有金融人士，也有保姆。其中不少人結(jié)業(yè)以后順利地進入了Salesforce這樣的大公司。
Dev Bootcamp、Hackbright Academy和Hack Reactor等速成班讓學(xué)員們掌握與工程師們競爭所需要的基本技能，而且它們都不要求學(xué)員有編程經(jīng)驗。圖片來源：Dev Bootcamp
如今，在硅谷招聘一名優(yōu)秀的軟件工程師就跟創(chuàng)造一件新事物一樣困難。硅谷的公司對此都有切身體會。
時尚網(wǎng)站Polyvore的CEO杰斯•李最近對《財富》雜志（Fortune）表示：“我認為現(xiàn)在的工程市場是史上最糟糕的。” 杰斯•李曾在谷歌（Google）擔(dān)任產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)盈利的初創(chuàng)公司要跟Facebook和Twitter這樣的大公司搶人才。杰斯•李補充說：“他們給出的薪酬對我而言簡直是天文數(shù)字。”
確實如此。據(jù)求職網(wǎng)站Glassdoor統(tǒng)計，谷歌軟件工程師的平均年薪目前約為143,000美元，最高可達到550,000美元，還不包括豐厚的簽約獎金和公司福利。【Facebook和蘋果（Apple）等大公司也毫不遜色。】人才真空對于舊金山灣區(qū)的公司而言依然令人頭疼，但卻給求職者創(chuàng)造了巨大的機會。填補人才真空要比以往更容易。
歡迎來到硅谷“新兵訓(xùn)練營”。這些新興的職業(yè)學(xué)校以編程為主要學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，課程包括Dev Bootcamp、Hackbright Academy和Hack Reactor等加速課程。它們?yōu)槠?至12周，可以讓學(xué)員們掌握與工程師們競爭所需要的基本技能。學(xué)習(xí)這些課程并不要求編程經(jīng)驗，再加上被抑制的人才需求，因此，課程的申請者們來自各行各業(yè)，既有三十多歲的保姆，也有四十多歲的律師和銀行從業(yè)人員。
杰西•法莫爾是Dev Bootcamp的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，她解釋說：“我們的許多學(xué)生都是30歲、40歲甚至50歲的人，他們意識到自己目前從事的工作不適合自己。”Dev Bootcamp為期9周，2012年初開課。另外一家新兵訓(xùn)練營的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人解釋得更加直白：“人們希望過上更好的生活。”
要想真正獲得錄取也是一項挑戰(zhàn)。這些課程的平均錄取率低于20%，而Hackbright Academy目前的錄取率甚至只有5%。女性工程類課程為期10周，學(xué)費12,000美元，授課時間從周一至周五上午10點至下午6點。授課地點在舊金山的金融區(qū)。Hackbright目前的班級由從400多名申請人當中選拔出來的26名學(xué)生組成。雖然不要求之前有編程經(jīng)驗，但CEO兼聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人戴維•菲利普斯解釋道，Hackbright錄取學(xué)生的條件是，學(xué)生必須證明自己有興趣成為一名軟件工程師。其中包括通過免費或收費在線資源或大學(xué)課程，嘗試自學(xué)計算機科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識的申請人。
在Hackbright，學(xué)生前五周兩人一組學(xué)習(xí)HTML、JavaScript和Python等基礎(chǔ)知識。后五周的重點則是最終項目。在招聘日，畢業(yè)生們會搭建自己的展位，Twitter、照片分享網(wǎng)站Pinterest和移動支付公司Square等合作公司會在每一個展位拿出七分鐘時間，了解他們的項目——軟件工程相當于速配交友。Hackbright和Dev Bootcamp的畢業(yè)生約有90%在三個月內(nèi)都收到了工作邀請，目前都在Facebook和在線活動策劃平臺Eventbrite等公司擔(dān)任工程師。成立僅一年的Hack Reactor目前總共培養(yǎng)了70名畢業(yè)生，其中有68人在客戶關(guān)系管理公司Salesforce等公司擔(dān)任軟件工程師，平均收入六位數(shù)出頭。
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| Hiring a good software engineer in Silicon Valley these days can seem almost as daunting as creating the next big thing. Just ask the companies.
"I think this might be the worst engineering market ever," Jess Lee, CEO of the style community Polyvore, told Fortune recently. A former Google (GOOG) product manager, Lee now finds her profitable startup vying for talent alongside Facebook (FB) and Twitter. Added Lee: "The kinds of offers they're giving out are astronomical."
Indeed, the average annual salary for Google software engineers now hovers around $143,000 and skyrockets to as much as $550,000, according to job site Glassdoor, and that's beforefactoring in generous signing bonuses and company perks. (Larger companies like Facebook and Apple (AAPL) aren't far behind.) While the talent vacuum remains problematic for Bay Area companies, it presents a huge opportunity for candidates. And filling that void may be easier now more than ever.
Enter the Silicon Valley "boot camp," a nouveau vocational school for the coding-inclined. Such nine- to 12-week accelerated programs, including Dev Bootcamp, Hackbright Academy, and Hack Reactor, arm students with the fundamental skills needed to compete as engineers -- no previous coding experience required. That, coupled with pent-up demand is why program applicants come from all walks of life, from thirtysomething nannies to fortysomething attorneys and bankers.
"We've had plenty of students who are in their 30s, 40s, and 50s and realized that whatever they were doing wasn't working for them," explains Jesse Farmer, co-founder of the nine-week Dev Bootcamp, which taught its first class in early 2012. Another boot camp co-founder puts it more bluntly: "The promise is the promise of livelihood."
Getting into a program can prove a challenge. The average acceptance rate averages below 20% and can go as low as 5%, as is currently the case for Hackbright Academy. The $12,000 10-week engineering fellowship for women is full-time, with classes taught Monday to Friday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., in San Francisco's Financial District. Hackbright's current class includes 26 students winnowed down from 400-plus applicants. And while previous coding experience isn't required, CEO and co-founder David Phillips explains that Hackbright looks for people who have some sort of demonstrated interest in becoming software engineers. That includes applicants who have attempted teaching themselves the basics, whether via free or paid online resources or college courses in computer science.
At Hackbright, students spend the first five weeks working in pairs, learning basics like HTML, JavaScript, and Python. The last five weeks are focused on a final project. On career day, graduates set up individual stations, and partner companies such as Twitter, Pinterest, and Square spend seven minutes with each, learning about their projects -- the software engineering equivalent of speed dating. Almost 90% of Hackbright and Dev Bootcamp graduates receive offers within three months and now work as engineers at companies like Facebook and Eventbrite. In the case of one-year-old Hack Reactor, around 68 out of the course's 70 total alumni are now software engineers at places like Salesforce (CRM), earning an average salary in the low six digits.
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當然，有許多公司仍然會質(zhì)疑僅僅接受過三個月培訓(xùn)的學(xué)生能否滿足他們的需求。某些情況下，在麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）等頂尖計算機科學(xué)學(xué)院傳統(tǒng)的四年制教育可能更占優(yōu)勢。羅伊•巴哈特認為：“新技術(shù)突破越深入——比如，移動數(shù)據(jù)量更大，移動速度超過以往任何時候——傳統(tǒng)學(xué)院教育便越重要。要成為一名藝術(shù)家并不需要有材料學(xué)的博士學(xué)位，但如果你擁有這樣一個博士學(xué)位，我敢肯定你一定能創(chuàng)造出更酷的作品。”巴哈特是價值7,500萬美元的風(fēng)險投資科技基金B(yǎng)loomberg Beta的負責(zé)人。
Facebook多元化項目經(jīng)理麗莎•李承認， 接受過四年以上計算機科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)教育的學(xué)生與僅僅接受過10周左右速成培訓(xùn)的學(xué)生確實存在差異。但她也指出，高強度的速成班培養(yǎng)出了優(yōu)秀的候選人，F(xiàn)acebook可以繼續(xù)從中篩選出技術(shù)和分析人才。事實上，這家公司已經(jīng)從Hackbright Academy招聘一名畢業(yè)生從事工程職位，負責(zé)國際化。麗莎•李說：“擁有扎實的基硅谷礎(chǔ)知識當然很有必要，但這些東西也可以在實際生活和工作經(jīng)驗中獲取。”（財富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：劉進龍/汪皓
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| Still, many companies remain skeptical that students educated in three months or less will meet their demands. And there may also be some engineering situations where the traditional four-year training from a top computer science school like MIT remains superior. "The more you get into breaking new technical ground -- moving more data than has ever been moved, faster than it's ever been moved, for example -- the more relevant I believe a classical academic training may be," says Roy Bahat, head of the $75 million venture capital tech fund Bloomberg Beta. "You don't need a Ph.D. in materials science to be an artist, but if you have one, I bet you can do some cool stuff."
Lisa Lee, Facebook's Diversity Program Manager, concedes students with four-plus years of computer science fundamentals may fare differently from those exposed to them for just 10 weeks or so. But she also points out that intensive bootcamps have produced excellent candidates and that Facebook continues to screen them for technical and analytical roles. To wit, the company hired one Hackbright Academy alum for an engineering role working on internationalization. Says Lee: "Having a solid foundation is important, but it is also something that can be built on the job in real-life situations and work experiences."
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