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The Most Underrated Jobs 20132013年最被低估的工作 Computer systems analysts make a median salary of $80, 000 and they enjoy a projected employment growth rate of 22% between 2010 and 2020, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The job is also relatively low stress but at the same time, intellectually challenging. It involves little contact with the public and doesn’t require employees to breathe in toxic fumes or lift loads of 50 lbs. or more. Those factors land computer systems analyst, for the second year in a row, in the number one slot on CareerCast.com’s list of most underrated jobs. 根據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局（Bureau of Labor Statistics）的統(tǒng)計(jì)，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析師的薪資中值為80,000美元，預(yù)計(jì)在2010-2020年，他們的就業(yè)增長率將為22%。這項(xiàng)工作的壓力相對(duì)而言比較低，但同時(shí)，對(duì)腦力的挑戰(zhàn)巨大。它基本不與公眾接觸，也不要求員工吸入有毒氣體或提著50磅以上的重物。這些因素使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析師連續(xù)第二年雄踞CareerCast.com發(fā)布的最被低估工作排行榜榜首。 Second on the list, also with a median salary of $84, 000 and a projected employment growth rate of 36%: Veterinarians. Vets often prefer animals to humans. The job gives them a chance to interact with their favorite creatures, and in many cases, cure animals of disease. But vets spend much of the day on their feet, sometimes have to work outside in bad weather and must absorb the stress that comes with the illness and death of beloved animals, all of which keeps the job from making the top of the list. 位居第二的是獸醫(yī)，薪資中值84,000美元，預(yù)計(jì)就業(yè)增長率為36%。獸醫(yī)常常寧愿跟動(dòng)物而不是人類打交道。這個(gè)工作使他們有機(jī)會(huì)跟自己最喜歡的動(dòng)物互動(dòng)，在很多情況下，治療生病的動(dòng)物。但獸醫(yī)在一天中要花很多時(shí)間步行，有時(shí)還不得不在惡劣的室外條件下工作，同時(shí)必須承受自己喜愛的動(dòng)物生病和死亡帶來的壓力，這些因素都使這個(gè)工作沒能成為排行榜上的第一名。 Earlier this year, CareerCast, the five-year-old Carlsbad, Calif. jobs website, released its annual list of America’s ten “best” and ten “worst” jobs, after evaluating 200 professions using five core criteria: pay, hiring outlook, work environment, stress and physical demands. Within those categories, there are more than 100 sub-criteria, like degree of confinement in the work environment and income growth potential. The data come from the BLS, the Census Bureau, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and an array of private compensation surveys, trade association studies and state statistics. 今年初，創(chuàng)立五年、位于加州卡爾斯巴德的求職招聘網(wǎng)站CareerCast采用五項(xiàng)核心指標(biāo)：薪資、雇用前景、工作環(huán)境、壓力和體力需求，對(duì)200個(gè)職業(yè)進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，發(fā)布了全美年度十大最佳和十大最差工作排行榜。在這些類別下，設(shè)有超過100個(gè)子類別，比如工作環(huán)境中的制約程度以及收入增長潛力等。數(shù)據(jù)來自美國勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局、美國人口普查局（the Census Bureau）、美國職業(yè)安全與健康管理局（the Occupational Safety and Health Administration）以及多項(xiàng)私人薪酬調(diào)查、貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)研究和國家統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。 Two years ago, with unemployment persistently high and pressure on politicians to improve the jobs picture, Tony Lee, CareerCast’s publisher, says he and his team figured it was time to tap its data pool and release a list of jobs that may be unglamorous but that show strong employment growth potential, good salaries and low stress levels. While they don’t pay the six- or seven-figure compensation of hedge fund managers or heart surgeons, these underrated jobs allow workers to enjoy a decent standard of living, low stress, and a relatively bright employment outlook. To distinguish the underrated jobs from the “best” jobs, CareerCast used what Lee admits is a subjective set of observations, having worked on the best and worst jobs list for 18 years. He and his team took those jobs they believe most people see as undesirable, and then gave extra weight to compensation, employment outlook and stress levels. 兩年前，由于失業(yè)率居高不下且政治家面臨改善就業(yè)狀況的巨大壓力，CareerCast的發(fā)布者托尼•李（Tony Lee）說，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候利用其數(shù)據(jù)池，發(fā)布一份名單，對(duì)可能乏味但卻具有強(qiáng)勁就業(yè)增長潛力的工作進(jìn)行排名。雖然這些工作的薪酬達(dá)不到對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理或心臟外科醫(yī)生的6-7位數(shù)收入水平，但這些被低估的工作可讓員工享有體面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生活水準(zhǔn)、較低的壓力以及相對(duì)光明的就業(yè)前景。為了將被低估工作與“最佳”工作加以區(qū)分，CareerCast使用了李所說的一組主觀評(píng)價(jià)。18年來他一直在編制最佳和最差工作排行榜。他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)選出了他們相信大多數(shù)人會(huì)認(rèn)為不理想的工作，然后提高薪酬、就業(yè)前景和壓力水平這幾項(xiàng)所占的權(quán)重。 Lee and his team used a similar method and put out a list of most overrated jobs. You can read that story here. 李及其團(tuán)隊(duì)采用類似方法，列出了一個(gè)最被低估工作的排行榜。 Lee has been working on the best and worst jobs data since 1995, when he, Wisconsin publisher Les Krantz and two statistics professors from the University of Wisconsin, started putting together the report for CareerJournal.com, a now-defunct site formerly run by The Wall Street Journal. After CareerJournal shut down, Lee teamed up with CareerCast and continued the project. 從1995年起，李就開始搜集和研究數(shù)據(jù)，評(píng)選最佳及最差工作，當(dāng)時(shí)，他、威斯康星的一位發(fā)行人萊斯•克蘭茨（Les Krantz）及兩位來自威斯康星大學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)教授開始為CareerJournal.com提供報(bào)告。這家網(wǎng)站現(xiàn)已倒閉，之前由《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》運(yùn)營。在CareerJournal.com關(guān)門后，李與CareerCast合作，繼續(xù)開展這一項(xiàng)目。 CareerCast’s most underrated job, computer systems analyst, also made its top ten best jobs list, at No. 10. Otherwise, there is no overlap between most underrated jobs and the site’s rating of best jobs. CareerCast評(píng)出的最被低估的工作就是計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析師，這也是其發(fā)布的十大最佳工作之一，排名第十。除此之外，最被低估工作與最佳工作之間沒有重疊。 One caveat about this list and every other “most this” or “most that” jobs list: No matter how many metrics the raters use, the list makers’ judgment may be the most important element. Another website, CareerBliss, puts out a list of “happiest” and “unhappiest” jobs. (My colleague Jacquelyn covered it here.) This year there is no overlap between that list and CareerCast’s underrated roster. 關(guān)于此榜單及其他林林總總的“最……工作”排行榜的一項(xiàng)說明：不論評(píng)比人員采用多少標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，榜單制作者的判斷都是最重要的因素。另一個(gè)求職網(wǎng)站CareerBliss出爐了一份“最快樂”和“最不快樂”工作排行榜。今年該榜單與CareerCast的最被低估工作排行榜間沒有出現(xiàn)重疊。 Lee says he and his team make a serious effort to rate each job, using extensive data over a long period of time. Lee also admits that his starting point for the underrated and overrated lists is not objective. “They’re based on statistics but we make our subjective decisions using the data, ” he sayas. “We found some interesting surveys on job satisfaction. They help you realize things like the fact that attorneys, by and large, are unhappy in their jobs. Surgeons often burn out after 20-25 years in daily surgery.” 李說，他們非常嚴(yán)格地對(duì)每項(xiàng)工作打分，使用了跨越很長一段時(shí)期的大量數(shù)拓。李還承認(rèn)，他在評(píng)選最被低估和最被高估的工作時(shí)，一開始并不客觀。“評(píng)選工作基于統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，但我們?cè)谑褂脭?shù)據(jù)時(shí)會(huì)做出主觀決定。”他說，“我們?cè)诠ぷ鳚M意度方面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些非常有趣的調(diào)查報(bào)告，這幫助我們認(rèn)清了很多事實(shí)，例如大部分律師在工作中都不快樂。外科醫(yī)生在從事日常外科手術(shù)20-25年后，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生倦怠感。” One question I had about this year’s list: How could Emergency Medical Technician rate in the top 12 (at No. 6)? I know three people who wanted to become EMTs but found that the pay was too low and the opportunities for advancement negligible. Lee insists that this is a profession on the rise, as municipal budgets come back and demand increases. “It’s basic supply and demand, ” he says, “and for all the other things we measure, the satisfaction level in this profession is really high. People do it because they love it, not because they need the job.” I’m still skeptical. I don’t think most EMTs are living on trust funds. But I hope Lee is right about job and pay growth. 我對(duì)今年榜單的一個(gè)問題是：急救醫(yī)護(hù)人員怎么會(huì)成為排名前12的工作之一呢（排在第6位）？我認(rèn)識(shí)的三個(gè)人曾想成為急救醫(yī)護(hù)人員，但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)薪資太低，晉升機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零。李堅(jiān)稱，這是一個(gè)正在走上坡路的職業(yè)，因?yàn)槭姓A(yù)算又開始增加，而且需求不斷上升。“這是基本的供求。”他說，“而且在我們?cè)u(píng)估的所有職業(yè)中，這一職業(yè)的滿意度是相當(dāng)高的。人們從事這項(xiàng)工作是因?yàn)樗麄儫釔鬯皇且驗(yàn)樗麄冃枰@份工作。”我仍持懷疑態(tài)度。我不認(rèn)為大多數(shù)急救醫(yī)護(hù)人員是依靠信托基金生活的。但我希望李對(duì)這個(gè)職業(yè)的看法是對(duì)的，并且其薪水也會(huì)上漲。 At the least, these lists are fun to read. I wouldn’t want to be a computer systems analyst or a veterinarian (sick animals would make me too sad and I don’t do well with the sight of blood) or for that matter a plumber or an electrician (No. 10 and 11 on the list) but I’m intrigued that Lee and his team believe those jobs are underrated. At the least, if you are considering one of these professions, know that the pay and hiring outlook may be better than you think and the stress level not as taxing as you expect. 至少，看看這些排行榜還是很有趣的，我不想成為計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析師、獸醫(yī)（生病的動(dòng)物會(huì)讓我心碎，而且我也不能看見血）、管子工或電工（排行榜上分列第10和11位），但讓我感興趣的是，李和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為這些工作都被低估。如果你正在考慮從事這些職業(yè)中的一個(gè)，那么你就得知道，它們的薪酬和雇用前景要比你想象的好，而壓力水平并沒有你預(yù)計(jì)的那么高。
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